Part C
10. I shall define him as an inPidual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.
【译文】 我会把他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首要责任和快乐的人。
【析句】 本句的主干结构比较简单：I shall define him as an inPidual。但是注意修饰an inPidual的是一个定语从句，其宾语是the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems,介词结构（as his primary duty and pleasure in life）作其补语。
【讲词】 define在句中的含义为“定义；解释”。define sth. as sth.是一个常见的结构。The Chinese term of yuanfen in common usage can be defined as the “binding force” that links two persons together in any relationship.（汉语中的“缘分”通常是表示两个人之间的“凝聚力”。）Job stress can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses one experiences at work.（职业压力可以定义为人们在工作时所遇到的有害的身体和情感反应。）
elect意为“选举”，但还可以表示“选择；决定”。She elected to return to work after her baby was born.（她决定孩子出生后再去做工作。）有时可以把elect译成“当作”，或根据句意不一定直译。
11. His function is analogous to that of a judge,who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
【译文】 他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。
【析句】 句子的主干是His function is analogous to that of a judge，后面是一个定语从句，修饰a judge，说明法官的职责是什么。注意revealing的宾语是the course of reasoning（推理的过程），which led him to his decision是the course of reasoning的定语，而in as obvious a matter是作状语。
【讲词】 obligation意为“职责，义务”。Then in the marriage union,the independence of the husband and wife will be equal,their dependence mutual,and their obligations reciprocal.(在一桩婚姻中，丈夫与妻子的关系是相互平等，相互依赖，彼此都应尽其责任。）
course在句中表示“过程”。
in an obvious matter是个不太常见的词组，意为“明显地，显然地”。They cannot pretend ignorance in an obvious matter.（他们显然不能假装一无所知。）
12. I have excluded him because,while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems,he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.
【译文】 我之所以把他排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实层面。
【析句】 主句是I have excluded him，而because所引导的从句又包含一个主从结构，其主句是he has not been charged… those problems，从句是while his accomplishments… moral problems。the task of approaching any实际表示the task of approaching any moral problems but the factual aspects of those problems，即他所承担的任务不是解决任何道德问题，而是处理（研究）这些问题的事实层面。
【讲词】 to be charged with意为“被控”或“承担，负责”。He also was charged with lying to federal officers.（他被控向联邦官员撒谎。）He was charged with the responsibility of designing all new public buildings.(他负责设计所有新建的公共建筑。）
approach作动词意为“接近；处理”。The officials in Honolulu knew disaster was approaching.（檀香山的政府官员知道灾难即将到来。）How should I approach the issue and solve it?（我该怎么处理并解决这一问题呢？）
13. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code,which governs his activity,any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.
【译文】 但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行动的道德规范，就如同不能指望商人专注于探索行业规范一样。
【析句】 这是一个比较句，主句的主干结构是his primary task is not to think about the moral code，定语从句（which governs his activity）修饰the moral code。理解和翻译此句的关键是理解词组any more than。
【讲词】 code有“编码；准则”的意思。the moral code（道德规范），the code of conduct（行为准则）。The moral code is simple,as it involves one’s morals or for that matter judgment of others morals.（道德规范是个简单的问题，因为它涉及一个人的道德或对别人道德的判断。）
any more than意为“较……多些”，not any more than“不比……多些”。I don’t like the guy any more than you do.(我并不比你更喜欢那个家伙。）There are no typical Harvard professors,any more than there are typical Harvard students.（没有什么典型的哈佛大学教授，也没有什么典型的哈佛大学学生。）
14. They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries,but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.
【译文】 他们可以教得更好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行道德判断的人的问题进行独立思考。
【析句】 本句是一个转折复合句。第一个分句（They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries）相对简单，第二个分句较难之处是human problems跟了一个定语从句（which involve moral judgment）。
【讲词】 more than意为“超过”，视具体情况也可译为“不只是”。
reflection在句中是“思考，反省”的意思。independent reflection就是 independent thinking的意思。This was a choice made without sufficient reflection.（做出这一选择并没有经过充分的思考。）The book contains his reflection on his experiences in Tibet.（这本书是他对自己在西藏的经历所作的反思。） 恩波学校